Printed in Hong Kong and distributed by Chung Hwa Book Company (中华书局), these botany textbooks were used by Chinese-medium middle schools in Singapore in the 1950s and 1960s. These illustrated textbooks taught students about the different parts and functions of flowering and non-flowering plants, their growth and reproductive cycles, the grafting process and etc. The back of the books also came with a detailed Chinese-English glossary of scientific terms. Chung Hwa Book Company was founded in Shanghai in 1912 and established a branch in Singapore in 1923. It ended operations in 1997.