On back:“光緒玖年癸未葭月初九日,和一八八三年十弍月初八日給,庚寅五拾四嵗”–Given on the 9th day of the 11th month of the guiwei year of the Guangxu reign, or 8 December 1883, [born] gengyin year [1830], 54 years old

This carte de visite shows a woman dressed in a simple tunic (or baju kurong). The back of the carte is inscribed with Chinese script. Studios were already established across the Strait Settlements and the Dutch East Indies by the 1840s and became increasingly prevalent in the 1850s. During the 1920s, Chinese-owned studios dominated the studio photography trade in Southeast Asia.