Pagoda of the Kaiyuan Monastery (Kaiyuansi Ta) 开元寺塔

This is a model of the Outlook Pagoda (Liaodi ta 瞭敌塔), which was built in Dingzhou, Hebei during the Song dynasty and later repaired in the late Ming dynasty around 1600 A.D. by the Wanli Emperor. The 11-storey octagonal brick pagoda measures 109.7 metres tall. The model is one of a set of 84 carved after famous originals scattered throughout China, for the Chinese exhibition at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE) in San Francisco, one of the first to represent the newly formed Republic of China. Scaled down at a ratio of 1:50, they were made by the Tushanwan 土山湾Workshop, a Christian orphanage in Shanghai that trained its residents in vocational art and crafts. The woodcarving workshop, supervised by the Bavarian-born Jesuit Aloysius Beck (1854-1931), employed both local and Western styles and techniques to produce figures of traditional Chinese gods alongside those of Catholic saints.

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