Zhang Daoling

Zhang Daoling (34-156CE), or Zhang Ling 张陵 of Sichuan province, is generally recognised as the founder of Daoism as a religion. He claimed Laozi appeared before him to reveal the Daodejing in 142 CE. Thereafter, he established the first Daoist sect, known as Wudoumi Dao (五斗米道, literally ‘Five Pecks of Rice Dao’.) He hailed himself “Celestial Master” (Tianshi 天师), claiming indirectly to be an earthly counterpart of Laozi himself. Zhang’s appeal laid in his exorcist powers and use of talismans to cure sickness. He is generally portrayed with a ferocious countenance, brandishing a sword and riding a tiger, as is depicted here.

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